Friday, 6 May 2016

(Assignment 3) RELIGION, ETHICS AND CORRUPTION- FIELD EVIDENCE FROM INDIA AND NIGERIA. Heather Merquette in Paul Heywood - Sreelakshmi R

Chapter attempts to address the question of why individuals choose to be corrupt.

Within some developing countries, there are growing calls for religion to step in and help end corruption. Religious leaders have also called out to adherents to not be corrupt.

Citizens and public officials in religious societies often derive their ethical framework from religious ideas in part. This is understandable since religion often outlines a set of codes and rules to live by. However PI-CPI shows that highly corrupt countries are often highly religious, while the less corrupt countries are often also highly “secular”.

Corruption policies are often susceptible to “common sense fallacy”- Schaffer. Meaning: Policy is seen as innocent and unproblematic, but a way of organizing independent realities.
Just as there are religious leaders speaking out against corruption there are also religious organization faced with charges of corruption.

Merquette argues: (1) The causal relationship formulated between religious belief and corrupt practices in countries based on aggregated national datasets is insufficient, often contradictory and not indicative of how individual actors justify corruption. (2) Religion may have some impact on attitudes towards corruption, but little influence on corrupt behavior. Selective moral disengagement- in a system with such rampant corruption, being uncorrupt makes no sense or puts you at a disadvantage- Game Theory and Social Theory at work here; diffusion of responsibility- Where everyone is responsible, no one really feels responsible.

Concluding line: “All else being equal, the more religious the country, the less corruption it will have.”- David Nasbaum, former director of Transparency International. Own Comment:  The case is more like “the more religious the country, the less corruption it tolerates as a matter of ethics. There is no finite, decided relationship between religiosity and corrupt practices.”


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